Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. (d) Water vapor reacts with sodium metal to produce solid sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. (c) Aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce solid magnesium hydroxide and aqueous sodium chloride. (b) Gaseous butane, C 4H 10, reacts with diatomic oxygen gas to yield gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor. (a) Solid calcium carbonate is heated and decomposes to solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Write a balanced molecular equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. For example, both product species in the example reaction, CO 2 and H 2O, contain the element oxygen, and so the number of oxygen atoms on the product side of the equation isĢ\text(g) If an element appears in more than one formula on a given side of the equation, the number of atoms represented in each must be computed and then added together. Note that the number of atoms for a given element is calculated by multiplying the coefficient of any formula containing that element by the element’s subscript in the formula. It may be confirmed by simply summing the numbers of atoms on either side of the arrow and comparing these sums to ensure they are equal. This is a requirement the equation must satisfy to be consistent with the law of conservation of matter. The chemical equation described in section 4.1 is balanced, meaning that equal numbers of atoms for each element involved in the reaction are represented on the reactant and product sides. Regardless of the absolute numbers of molecules involved, the ratios between numbers of molecules of each species that react (the reactants) and molecules of each species that form (the products) are the same and are given by the chemical reaction equation. One mole of methane molecules and 2 moles of oxygen molecules react to yield 1 mole of carbon dioxide molecules and 2 moles of water molecules.įigure 2. One dozen methane molecules and two dozen oxygen molecules react to yield one dozen carbon dioxide molecules and two dozen water molecules. One methane molecule and two oxygen molecules react to yield one carbon dioxide molecule and two water molecules. Likewise, these coefficients may be interpreted with regard to any amount (number) unit, and so this equation may be correctly read in many ways, including: This ratio is satisfied if the numbers of these molecules are, respectively, 1-2-1-2, or 2-4-2-4, or 3-6-3-6, and so on ( Figure 2). Methane and oxygen react to yield carbon dioxide and water in a 1:2:1:2 ratio. Realize, however, that these coefficients represent the relative numbers of reactants and products, and, therefore, they may be correctly interpreted as ratios. It is common practice to use the smallest possible whole-number coefficients in a chemical equation, as is done in this example. The relative numbers of reactant and product species are represented by coefficients (numbers placed immediately to the left of each formula). #ORGANIC CHEMICAL EQUATION BALANCER PLUS#
Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (⟶) separates the reactant and product (left and right) sides of the equation.The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right sight of the equation.
The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. This example illustrates the fundamental aspects of any chemical equation: The reaction between methane and oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water (shown at bottom) may be represented by a chemical equation using formulas (top). The chemical equation representing this process is provided in the upper half of Figure 1, with space-filling molecular models shown in the lower half of the figure. Consider as an example the reaction between one methane molecule (CH 4) and two diatomic oxygen molecules (O 2) to produce one carbon dioxide molecule (CO 2) and two water molecules (H 2O). Extending this symbolism to represent both the identities and the relative quantities of substances undergoing a chemical (or physical) change involves writing and balancing a chemical equation. When atoms gain or lose electrons to yield ions, or combine with other atoms to form molecules, their symbols are modified or combined to generate chemical formulas that appropriately represent these species. The preceding chapter introduced the use of element symbols to represent individual atoms. Write and balance chemical equations in molecular, total ionic, and net ionic formats. Derive chemical equations from narrative descriptions of chemical reactions. 
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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